Stability and Control of Nonlinear Systems

Dependability and Control of Nonlinear Systems The accompanying framework was given to learn about detachment, asymptotic strength, and contribution to state steadiness properties at conditions. The given arrangement of differential condition for examination is given beneath Too, The state space portrayal of the framework is as per the following. Let, So also Consequently In light of the framework condition is given by So also, in view of the state space portrayal The condition of framework , where n=4, where m=2 and where p=2. Consequently p=m.â A dissipative framework as for flexibly rate is supposed to be uninvolved, if The Lyapunov work for the framework is given as Henceforth concerning meaning of state factors, it tends to be revamped as Henceforth, Additionally, in light of the meaning of S, For the given framework , henceforth the lossless framework, is uninvolved from u to y. The PD criticism controller of the framework with and is spoken to as Subsequently the state space portrayal of the framework, is given by The changed Lyapunov work with potential vitality is given by It tends to be seen that V(x) is differentiable (V: R4 â†' R and a C1 work). In light of the condition of V(x) it very well may be seen that, The term and every other term are quadratic in nature.â Hence where Subsequently V(x) is certain unmistakable. Let V(x) is limited by V(x)≠¤M, where M à Ã¢ µ R, at that point it infers that â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' and â‡' â‡' Thus V(x) is radially unbounded. The subsidiary of V(x) can be acquired as follows Upon replacement and illuminating the conditions, At It can be seen that In view of the above condition, it very well may be seen that It very well may be seen that , has just quadratic terms with a negative sign prefixed consequently where Thus is negative unmistakable. The harmony purpose of the framework at is given by Thus starting point is the main balance purpose of the framework. In view of the above perceptions, it tends to be reasoned that the framework is all inclusive asymptotically stable at the cause. The given frameworks were reenacted for various qualities ofâ and , adjusted each in turn with other aggravation set to zero and the underlying condition set at inception. The accompanying perceptions can be found from subplots of and Subsequently the unsettling influence in both the directions of the framework are added substance in nature. It tends to be seen that, at whatever point starting condition of the framework set to root and aggravation is prompted in one of the arrange ( or ), the other facilitate of the framework isn't upset. Figure 1 State of System with aggravation at starting point with rd=0 Figure 2 State of System with aggravation at starting point with thd=0 The Figure 3 demonstrates the condition of the framework, when is changed from - 5 to 5 with , with the underlying condition as x = {7,3,5,1}.â The settling time of the framework fluctuates with the extent of aggravation and the underlying condition.â Also, it tends to be seen from the plot of that the framework settles to a point which is balanced from the beginning (harmony) by the estimation of disturbance.â Also, the settling time of the framework is more for d=-c, when contrasted with d=c. Additionally, unsettling influence in one of the arrange (), has its impact in another facilitate. Figure 3 State of System with rd=0 at x = [7,3,5,1] The perceptions of unsettling influence instigated in when , is material for the aggravation actuated in with  Also, it tends to be seen from Figure 4 that the settling time of the framework is higher when an unsettling influence is prompted in r-organize, when contrasted with - facilitate. Figure 4 State of System with thd = 0 at x = [7,3,5,1] The impact of having both and was seen by mimicking the framework reaction for and . Additionally, it tends to be seen that settling time of the framework is like unsettling influence initiated uniquely in the r-facilitate. Figure 5 State of System with thd = - 5, rd=5 at x = [7,3,5,1] In all the above plots, it very well may be seen from the subplot of that the settling purpose of state as tâ†', and , showing that the condition of the framework tracks the contribution to the separate organize. It can likewise be seen from the past plots for d=0, framework displays the property of worldwide asymptotic soundness to the birthplace (harmony point).â Also, , the state infers the Bounded Input Bounded State property of the framework. The contribution to state security of the shut circle framework concerning and for the framework was approved by including a destabilizing criticism with what's more, . The capacity k(x) of the unsettling influence is chosen, to such an extent that the force moved to the framework is augmented, which can be performed whenâ . From the above condition, it very well may be seen that the force moved to the framework can be boosted by picking same indication of with c≠¥0.â The idea of framework reaction for various scope of c is recorded in the Table 1 beneath. Table 1 System Response for Variation in c at starting state of [7,3,5,1]] Estimation of c Perception c ≠¤ 1.99 The vitality of the framework diminishes at first, demonstrated by the plot of Lyapunov work appeared in Figure 6 and a similar outcome can be seen on the plot of r and ÃŽ ¸, where the greatness diminishes at first and wavers with the limited size, for the limited information showed in plot of theta-d. c>1.99 For c=5, the vitality of the framework increments, demonstrated by the plot of Lyapunov work appeared in Figure 7 and the plot of r and ÃŽ ¸ shows that the extent keeps on expanding bringing about unbounded state for the limited information demonstrated in plot of theta-d.â Also, it tends to be seen that the pace of increment in vitality of the framework, diminishes with time. Figure 6 State of System at c=1.75 The framework isn't Input to state stable (ISS) for c>1.99 and Figure 7 demonstrates a framework which isn't ISS for c=5.â The estimation of change from limited state to unbounded state was seen at c=1.93 for an underlying purpose of [1,2,1,2].â Based on the above perception, the progress estimation of c is needy of introductory condition (vitality) of the framework. Figure 7 State of System at c=5 The PD control utilized in the r-organize is changed as The recreations were completed, to distinguish the properties of ISS fulfilled by the framework, as for and as inputs.â All the reproductions were done as for the underlying condition x0 = (7,3,5,1) Condition 1: The framework is assessed with zero unsettling influence and , the outcome is demonstrated in Figure 8. Figure 8 System with Zero Disturbance For the no unsettling influence conditions, it tends to be seen that the framework is asymptotically steady about the inception (balance), demonstrating the Global asymptotic soundness of the framework about the origin.â Also from the plot of Lyapunov work, it very well may be seen that the vitality of the framework settles down to zero. Condition 2: The destabilizing criticism input utilized being referred to 5 for the framework was taken care of to the framework and it its reaction is demonstrated in figure Figure 9 State of System at c=5 with adjusted PD Control The accompanying perceptions can be made as for figure For an information , the state , showing limited info limited state property of the framework. It tends to be seen that, however the vitality of the framework increments at first, yet upper limited over a period.â The vitality and the condition of the framework gets limited over time of simulation.â Hence for the limited info, condition of the framework is limited. Additionally, the framework displays property of asymptotic increase, since the condition of the framework is upper limited by aggravation with addition of the framework. Likewise, it was seen that however the framework is ISS for the c=5, as the estimation of c builds vitality of the framework expands (model for c=10, v(x) is upper limited to 10,000).â Hence altering the PD control, makes the framework ISS for a bigger scope of unsettling influences, when contrasted with prior control. Condition 3: The framework was taken care of with the info Figure 10 State of framework rd=0 and theta d=5*exp(t) It very well may be seen from the plot that d(t)â†' 0 as , additionally aysmptotically.â Hence the framework demonstrates the property of uniting input, merging state. The reaction of the framework was assessed with various potential contributions for ,, for example, , the condition of the framework x1, x3 was picked dependent on perceptions made in before reenactments (q5) where prevalently these states became out of bound Additionally, the above information conditions were reproduced with =0 and characterized as one of the info, hardly any blends of the above information aggravations and barely any conceivable framework interconnections, for example, positive input interconnection, negative criticism interconnection, arrangement interconnection. Framework reaction for different kinds of unsettling influence Steady Disturbance The unsettling influence of the framework is set to steady qualities, as demonstrated in Figure 5 Figure 11 State of framework at theta d=-5 rd=5 It very well may be seen from the plot of Figure 11 and Figure 5 that the settling time of framework in r-facilitate has decreased nearly significantly, when contrasted with past control. Positive Feedback Interconnection The unsettling influence input condition is referenced underneath and the framework reaction is appeared in Figure 12 Figure 12 System Response for Positive Feedback Interconnection The condition of the framework shows the uniting nature, likewise it very well may be seen that after the transient time frame framework follows the info. Arrangement Interconnection The framework is associated in arrangement, with the accompanying aggravation input setup for every one of the subsystem and the plot for the equivalent is appeared in Figure 13. Figure 13 System Response for Series Interconnection It very well may be seen that the conduct of the framework is comparative as for condition 2, yet the vitality of the framework settles down at a more elevated level when contrasted with the comparative condition with Framework with various d

Privacy Security Issues In Cloud Computing â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Privacy Security Issues In Cloud Computing? Answer: Presentation The point of this report is to put accentuation on the protection and security gives that are identified with the distributed computing reception. This report centers around extreme protection and security issues, including the concealed issues that could truly influence the association. This report likewise centers around the innovations of distributed computing and their application in an association. Distributed computing is a strategy to utilize cloud based administrations that are by and large offered by the outsider. IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS are the advancements of distributed computing (Zissis Lekkas, 2012). Distributed computing There are a few difficulties and issues identified with the distributed computing reception as clarified beneath: Difficulties There are a few difficulties in distributed computing, some significant difficulties can be expressed as: Proficiency of the administration provisioning is the top most test in distributed computing that incorporates production of versatile designs for making this new execution effective. Use of improvement apparatuses and parts, adaptability, and asset the executives, and accessibility of administrations are the destinations under this test (Rong, Nguyen Jaatun, 2013). Another test in distributed computing is the Effectiveness of Service control and utilization, which incorporates authority over the administrations by the clients (any association or an individual), risk, and government and acceleration system. The third difficulties id the straightforwardness of administration charging and conveyance, in which area and information procedure ought to be all around clarified, checking SLAs and quality confirmation, and permit the executives (Schewe et al., 2012). Data Security and information protection is the most concerned test for this usage. Expanding this there are a few different di fficulties like Portability between suppliers, interoperability inside the framework, reasonable rivalry and Compliance with the administrative necessities. Issues Absence of standard can be expressed as the basic issue underneath the difficulties clarified previously. Exceptionally less endeavors had been made till now, for characterizing the gauges for the distributed computing. So as to understand these issues about what necessities to occur, is specialist co-ops, government, innovation organizations, and clients should consolidate and put forth a purposeful attempt so as to receive and create industry-wide measures for the Cloud (Chen Zhao, 2012). This ought to likewise incorporate all the between hierarchical partners. Pertinent Technologies and Applications Following is a table portraying the different advances utilized in distributed computing: Sort of Service PaaS Iaas SaaS Administration customization Rationale Resource Template Server Template Application Template Administration checking Rationale Resource Monitoring Physical Resource Monitoring (Hashizume et al., 2013) Application Monitoring Administration estimation Rationale Resource Usage Metering Physical Resource Metering Business Resource Usage Metering Administration class Web based Operating Environment, Online Database, Online Message VM Rental, Online Storage Application and Software Rental (Garrison, Kim Wakefield, 2012) Administration level Management Dynamic Orchestration of Logic Resources Dynamic Orchestration of Physical Resources Dynamic Orchestration of Application Distributed computing is an extremely new and inventive model for giving IT administrations and business. IaaS, PaaS and SaaS are the three degrees of distributed computing administration that can cover a wide scope of administrations. Other than the administration conveyance model and the processing administration there are different uses of distributed computing, which can be recorded as: right off the bat, stockpiling framework, programming application, different models, for example, information, programming model and some more (ODriscoll, Daugelaite Sleator, 2013). Security Issues Information penetrates: Data breaks are the one of the most significant protections issues in distributed computing, which brings up an issue With touchy information being put away online as opposed to on premise, is the cloud innately less sheltered? According to the discoveries around half of the safety efforts of an association needs security experts and IT (Hamlen et al., 2012). Insider danger: dangers from the insider assault appear to be improbable, yet there are potential outcomes of inside dangers that exist inside the arrangement of distributed computing. Representatives of the association may utilize their certification for the approval access to the cloud-based administrations of the association and abuse the touchy data of different workers and can likewise control or uncover the data identified with the hierarchical tasks of the association, which may lead a genuine misfortune for the association. Malware infusion: This is another kind of security issue that may influence the presentation and legitimate functions of the association. In fact, it is a code or content in the cloud benefits that acts as substantial occurrences and run like the SaaS cloud servers (Curran, Carlin Adams, 2012). This made them imperceptible and, which gives it a capacity to be infused into the cloud benefits and be covered up by carrying on as a piece of the administration or programming that is running with the cloud servers. This could lead gatecrashers access to the delicate data, which can be abused in different ways. Protection Issues Client Control: It could be raised by both the purchasers and lawful issues. Information control and perceivability gets restricted by executing cloud administrations into the framework, as the administration is being offered by the outsider (Pearson, 2013). Loss of Legal Protection: Migrating information into the cloud can lead towards the loss of legitimate assurance of security, due the association of outsider in information getting to (Kshetri, 2013). Unapproved utilization: The outsider, who is offering the types of assistance, could take the advantages of the information that is being spared into their database or the cloud. These information can incorporate from focused promoting to the re-deal information. Significant Issues The issues those have left in the above conversation, which needs concern, are: Unreliable APIs: Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) give customers openings so as to modify their cloud understanding. Be that as it may, these APIs can be danger for the associations cloud security because of their very nature. There are the conceivable outcomes of powerlessness of an API that can happens in the correspondence between the applications (Srinivasan et al., 2012). This can support business and developers from numerous points of view; anyway they additionally desert exploitable security dangers. Maltreatment of Cloud benefits: A model can make this theme more clear, special clients can be answerable for the circuitous or direct increment the security dangers, which resultsinfringe on the standing of utilization that had been given by the specialist organization. These incorporate sharing of pilfered recordings, programming, books, or music that can bring about lawful outcomes, which can be in the formsof remuneration orfines. An association or individual can decrease its presentation to chance by observing the use and setting new rules for what the workers can have in the cloud. Mutual Vulnerabilities: Cloud security is a subject of shared duty between the customers and the suppliers. This can be relieved if the customers and suppliers share the duties, and work together in discarding individual dangers can bring about making sure about the associations information being undermined. Information Loss: Malicious assault can bring about the loss of information in cloud, which can be a cataclysmic event, or an information cleaning by the Cloud specialist organization. The business that doesn't have any recuperation plan or reinforcement status, losing indispensable and touchy data can be an overwhelming to the organizations. Amazon and Google are the instances of such undesirable circumstance, as both have lost their information because of characteristic cataclysm (Wang et al., 2012). Effect of the Issues The effect of such issues can be shocking, in view of the sort of data and measure of information that is being spared into the cloud. This could even prompt the conclusion and closure of an association business. These issues can prompt the uncover, control, and erasure of information that are significant for the association. The business runs on the information that is being put away by it, which incorporates touchy data and information identified with the client, customers, accomplices and some more. This can likewise prompt payoff assault, which could influence the best possible working and monetarily. In view of the discoveries made above it very well may be expressed that Cloud registering may help the association in changing the customary operational exercises into computerized structure however it prompts a few issues that can't be dismissed. These issues can be littler or tremendous dependent on the effect be that as it may, these are matter of worry for any individual or association rehearsing it. The advancements IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS can offer better support like distributed storage, application, information availability anyplace, however can't moderate the issues identified with the IT foundation of the association and catastrophic events that may influence the information by gatecrashers or unapproved clients. Digital security ought to be solid and very much modified for both association and cloud specialist co-ops, which can help in ensuring the information or data that is being put away in the cloud. End In view of the above report it very well may be reasoned that strolling side by side with the new computerized world requests distributed computing into the framework. There are uncountable advantages of this imaginative innovation and moving information from individual servers to the cloud can be a gainful angle for the association. Be that as it may, there are sure issues related with the protection and security, which can't be disposed of however can be lessened so as to keep the data hidden and secure. Distributed computing can be useful for

The Costs and Benefits of Being a Small Business Owner

The Costs and Benefits of Being a Small Business Owner If establishing your own business occupies your thoughts lately, you have surely started reading through many articles on that. Like with everything in life, this decision has both positive and negative sides.Okay, perhaps those are not the best words to use, but what we are trying to say is that some things will be smoother, while the others will have more obstacles.However, the fact that you are considering being your own boss is surely a great and brave decision. Not everybody is capable of that, nor every person is willing to fight with the windmills.Therefore, do your best to start the whole thing with high aspiration and a thorough, smart plan.Here in our article, we shall try to give an overall insight into all the costs and benefits of being a small business owner. After learning all the aspects involved in this project, so to name it, you will be able to see whether this is the right option for you.BEFORE YOU GET DOWN TO (YOUR OWN) BUSINESSIt is very important to ask yoursel f a few questions which will significantly help you get a better understanding of what being on your own in terms of business means. Like we said, not everybody is capable of running their own venture. There are many reasons for that.Some people haven’t got a clear idea of all the things that go along with this decision, the others lack the strength to be persistent.For that reason, you should make a small questionnaire for yourself, with the idea to help you test yourself prior to making any actual steps.Here are the questions to answer:Are you ready to operate independently?Do you think you are the person who can make all the decisions and shoulder all the huge responsibility?Even though people will instantly and unconsciously answer “Yes!” because they want to start the whole idea in a positive manner, this question is actually a difficult one. There are so many layers beneath the first one that meets the eyes.When you work in a company, you have certain responsibilities wh ich are limited to a few aspects. The final word and important management decisions are up to big bosses. However, being on your own makes you the employer and the employee ate the same time.You become the one in charge of all the approvals and refusals. No one tells you what to do, you are the person responsible for all the failures and successes.This is where you need to be honest with yourself and give the most genuine answer you can. It’s not a shame admitting that you are not ready for such a thing. But if you believe you are, then do your best to show that at its best.There are many sacrifices which go along with starting a small enterprise- are you willing to make them?Are you ready to work really hard?Eight to five, Monday to Friday is something you will have to forget. Without the intention to sound rough, if you want to start your own venture, the start-up phase requires you to be omnipresent. No more vacations and days off, at least until the business is stable and big enough you can put someone in charge while you are away.This means you will have to be the manager, worker, bookkeeper and all the other roles required. For one who is serious about establishing his/her own venture, limiting to certain working hours could be considered immature in terms of business. But not only immature, but you will actually see that it is impossible.This is the point particularly important to those with family. If you think you can make a good balance between this, then you are indeed a step closer to becoming your own boss.The best way to make the family life suffer less is to involve the members in the business. That will bring you closer together. Moreover, splitting the duties is certainly of great help.The path to success of a new enterprise requires self-discipline and self-confidence- have you got them?No matter how good and thorough a plan is, still very few new ventures manage to become successful overnight. It’s a complex procedure, which sometimes re quires a few months, but it can take up to a year or maybe two.So, what you need to have is lots of patience, be disciplined and trust in yourself. Expect failures and setbacks, they are an integral and expected part of every new enterprise. Let them motivate you to be better, to work harder and think positive thoughts.This sounds so idealistic and simple, but in reality, people get easily discouraged. Everybody is happy when they feel the success, but dealing with less positive sides of being a newbie is the harder part.ARE YOU READY?These are the most common but questions of vital importance for all those who are interested in starting their own business. When answering them, be honest, because it’s all about you after all.Think of establishing a venture as a marriage. It’s a full-time commitment which requires a strong desire and constant work to keep in in a good shape. Expect lots of ups and downs, be prepared for numerous surprises, but keep on fighting. That’s how the p rocedure looks like.If the answer to the questions above is positive, then congrats! You have the necessary characteristic of an entrepreneur and you are ready to make your business idea come true. Let the burning desire and strong will be your motivators, and your dreams will be transformed into reality.Overnight success is not a rule, it’s an exception, and with that, on your kind, the whole time, strive to be better and better as the days go by.Without further ado, we shall now list all the costs and benefits of being a small business owner. THE PERKS OF ESTABLISHING A SMALL BUSINESS1. IndependenceBelieve it or not, this one is at the top of the list of reason why people get motivated to start running their own business. As the years go by, people get tired of other people bossing over them. During a longer period of time, and if the bosses are some too unfair, this really turns into a nasty headache, and becomes a motivation killer.Making independent decisions gives great free dom. You control the destiny on your own, and that’s what becomes the main inspiration and a thing that pushes you forward from day to day.For the majority of people who are serious about establishing their own business, this freedom and independence outweigh all the potential risks, making one stronger and more eager to strive for better and bigger things.2. ControlGoing hand in hand with the previous perk, it makes you the one involved in all aspects of a business. You are the one who is in the beginning, middle and at the end of every process. When you have a vision, and you go step by step fulfilling all the phases from the initial to the final one, you are allowed to feel powerful.This provides a great amount of satisfaction as you are the one who controls everything. It is very important to note the difference between this type of control and the one that bossy bosses like to have over their employees. Here you control your own idea, not other people, which makes the whole t hing fair.You get to decide when is the right moment to push harder and when you can allow yourself a bit slower tempo. Be driven by passion and creativity, and that will have a positive reflection on the overall project.3. PrestigeThe third positive side that logically follows these two above-mentioned is the prestige. That feeling of satisfaction when you can say “I did it!” is indeed incomparably fantastic. It gives you lots of pride, which is also a strong motivating factor for those who are in the initial phase of starting up a business on their own.Of course, don’t let this stray your way in some daydreaming. The feeling of being successful is an easy one to deal with, but knowing what to do when a failure (or more of them) occur is a bigger virtue. That’s where the prestige shows its true face.Being able to say “I did it!” even if a decision turns to be the wrong one is what makes you a truly mature businessman. The faults are there to make us become better, after all.4. OpportunitiesThis is a factor which has multiple layers. To start with some benefits you as an individual have, you are the one who creates chances and opens the door for new ideas and people. The first phase is a self-contribution, to you as a person and your fresh business.If it turns to be a successful one, it expands and becomes an opportunity to boost the local economy. What comes after is an idea powerful and innovative enough to contribute to society.So, be brave to try things out. A trial results in two outcomes- success and failure. You cannot be sure which of these two will happen until you try. That’s what opportunities are for.5. Financial GainJust to make one thing clear, it’s not like you will become a billionaire overnight. As a matter of fact, in the initial phase, you should be happy if no major financial losses occur. Maintaining the balance is what matters a lot when you are establishing your own business.However, being your own boss, certainly offers a bigger possibility to be significantly awarded in terms of financial achievements. There are no income restraints such as those which exist when you work for someone. All that money that comes as a result of your decisions and investments is entirely yours.Once you discover what is the best way to boost the business and make more profit, invest all the strength into turning that into reality.6. Close Relationship This benefit is the one that stands out compared to a large business.Some people enjoy the close and friendly relationships which their business partners. That way they feel more relaxed to express the ideas and thoughts and cooperate with other people.Digital communication makes this even easier and available. Moreover, it makes easier for a newbie to reach a greater number of customers and consumers.However, be careful as this can act as a double-edged sword. Some people are simply unable to make the difference between professional and private relationship and establish the safe limits. Don’t let the closeness work against you.Try to find the balance where you will be able to maintain a friendly approach with associates, but don’t become overly familiar and unnecessary unofficial.7. EquityRunning a small business gives an individual a chance to build equity. It’s a multi-beneficial thing because it can serve for several purposes. You can keep it, sell or pass it on to the next generation.Once a person manages to run a successful business on his/her own, it’s not so uncommon that after a while one decides to sell it and give a chance to the next venture. Having a business on your own opens multiple possibilities, and whichever you decide to try out, all the financial benefits remain exclusively yours.8. Vision Becomes RealityEntrepreneurship is a great chance for a person to turn their dreams and visions into reality, make them visible. It’s a sort of daily reminder that one is living his/her dreams.Of course, this has no intention to sou nd like a fairy-tale, far from that. But the fact is that when one manages to establish a business on his/her own, one is actually living the ideas.You should use this as a strong motivation and encouragement. There’s no better way to push the limits and explore than with prosperous and creative ideas. This brings personal growth, and if the idea is big enough, it expands to a wider field.9. Gaining New Experience and Expanding KnowledgeOnce you become a boss on your own, you are the one who is in charge of every aspect of the business, at least in the beginning.This means that you will have to learn a lot because there will be many new things that follow the development of your new enterprise.Moreover, it will boost your communicational and decision-making skills.The new experience gives you better insight into things you didn’t have to worry about when you were just an employee. This is the moment when you begin to understand time-costs of money, and therefore you learn to app reciate and manage them better.The previous experience as an employee gave you the chance to see one side of the medal, whereas being a self-employed brings new insights.10. The Identity of Higher ValueNo matter how fantastic a job title may be, still people will somehow look you with a bigger dose of respect when you say that you are an entrepreneur. People get interested in your project and are willing to share various stories from their own “battle”, particularly if they are also business owners.When one is identified as an entrepreneur, many doors open and professional horizons significantly expand. The more your business develops, the more chances appear, and that certainly provides your identity with a constant upgrade.11. FlexibilityLike we mentioned earlier in our small questionnaire when one decides to become an entrepreneur, it affects private and family life a lot.On the other hand, it’s not always necessarily in a negative way. Having the freedom to arrange tasks o n your own gives you numerous chances to adjust things consciously.This means you get to choose the moment to scale down or scale back your business if the occasion requires you to do so. Sometimes you will have to make some important personal decisions which are not related to business.That’s the moment to put the business “on hold” until you finish what you have to, and then carry on where you paused.The ideal level of functionality would be the one where a person gets to grow with his/her business, and business gets to grow with one’s personal life.THE LESS POSITIVE SIDE OF BEING A SMALL BUSINESS OWNERRiskThis seems to be among the greatest fears for a person establishing a business. No matter how thorough and devoted you manage to plan something, still, you cannot eliminate risk totally. There’s no button to turn the option off. And the risk can come from multiple sources.Sometimes a person leaves a secure job to give the chance to the independent entrepreneurship, and he/she fails. This can be really hard to overcome, but it’s not the end of the world.The best way to minimize them is to try to list all the potential risky situations you can think of. That way at least you be prepared to react fast and on time, knowing what to expect. There’s always a way to fight the monster called risk, but it requires lots of strength.UncertaintyWhat goes hand in hand with the above-described monster is this shadowy and gloomy place called uncertainty. In some ideal world, the best would be if we could predict everything, particularly when establishing a new business. Unfortunately, we cannot.On the other hand, comprehensive planning may be of help, as you will at least make a list of things that are hard to calculate in advance. Like with the previous one, you cannot make it disappear, but you can learn how to react.Time CommitmentThe fact that one is a boss, manager, worker, bookkeeper, and whatnot at the same time is really a time-consuming occasion. Th is means working 24/7 with no day off, no vacation. People with families can have lots of doubts about whether a business on their own is the right choice since it affects a private life a lot.However, do know that it doesn’t last forever. It’s only a phase, the initial one, and it is so expected that it’s the most demanding one. Every second you invest in the beginning pays off a lot later, so let that positive aspect be your motivation to push forward.Financial commitmentNo matter how small a business is, still you need to have an initial capital to make it run. People usually use retirement funds or personal savings for this purpose, which directly impacts family finances. This is a tough decision to make, not everybody has the guts to do so.The best would be to make a financial balance. Leave some money aside, for family purposes, and let it remain untouched. The other half of it you can use for business purposes. If it fails, you won’t end up with no money in your savin gs. In case of success, the money you earn will be the one to invest further. WHY DO SOME PEOPLE FAIL TO START THEIR OWN BUSINESS?As you can see, the benefits definitely outnumber the disadvantages. We really did our best to list as many aspects as possible, so that you could make the decision easier. Knowing all the good and bad aspects certainly help in the planning phase.However, even though people are aware of all these aspects, some of them succeed, while the others fail. How’s that? What is it that some people manage to deal with and make success, and the others cannot?It gets better and easier with the time, but the initial phase is without any doubts the most difficult one. Whoever manages to survive this level with no major losses will turn the odds in his/her own favor.On the other hand, mistakes help us learn some valuable lessons what not to do in the future and how not to behave. Here are some of the most common reasons some projects deemed to be a failure:Not Enough PlanningWe mentioned making plans several times as a factor of vital importance. Not just any plan, but a thorough one, as fulfilled with details as possible. Without it, you cannot expect to make a success. How can you be sure where would you like to get, if you haven’t set a clear goal?Lack of Outsourcing and DelegationIn the beginning, one has to be on his/her own, but as time goes by, it’s quite normal to assign some tasks and duties to some other people. Don’t be afraid of that, otherwise, you will be eaten by your own business.A Fear to Adjust, Change and Develop Even though you have all the aspects well-planned, still the objective situation is not something you can always predict. Therefore, you will have to find a way to make your plan work, even if the conditions are completely different from the ones you expected. You need to learn to adapt. People who don’t are left behind, with no success. Think forward, don’t be afraid to be innovative.Disbalance Between the Functional Campaign and Invested MoneyIn order to bring ideas to life quickly, people invest in various online campaigns and advertisements.By this, we mean both time and money. But, sometimes a simple word of mouth brings more new consumers than a fancy, expensive campaign. If you can evaluate this, and find an adequate measure, you will be a step away from failing and a step closer to success.Unaware of Cash FlowYou must literally track every single coin if you want to have a clear picture of your incomes and outgoings.No one says that this will bring you a fortune overnight, but losing track of the cash flow certainly makes your small business vulnerable. In the beginning, it’s all your duty, but as the business grows, you will be able to afford a professional to monitor the finances.Wrong Questions, Wrong PeopleYou must, at the same time, know what you know, and know what you don’t know.Sounds like a brain wrench, but as soon as you make these two aspects clear, you will be able to define a very important thing. You will know what are the questions you have to ask, and who are the people who can give you the answers.Don’t waste time on the wrong people and wrong answer, because that leads to failure.FINAL THOUGHTSEven though starting a business has several disadvantages, positive sides are the ones that motivate people to try their luck. No one says that it’s an easy journey, but it’s definitely worth a shot.We have listed all the costs and benefits of being a small business owner, yours is to go through them patiently. Be honest to yourself, because only that way you increase the chances to succeed.We wish you lots of luck and courage in your new personal (ad)venture!

How I Manage Ethical Situations And Dilemmas - 759 Words

A great deal has been said in regards to my past and how I got to this point in my life. How I manage ethical situations and dilemmas is a reflection of my past and the experiences I have received. When I am faced with an ethical situation I tend to focus on the greater good or to put in better words, â€Å"how can I make this situation work for everyone involved†. For example, I live with two other housemates and one likes everything neat and tidy and the other not so much. So there has been some friction between the two and a passive aggressive war started up because of it. I had enough of it and called a meeting to form some sort of agreement with them. What I did was point out what needs to be done on both sides, have both of them agree to the terms as I was the original renter to begin with, and I even pointed a few things out about myself making it so everyone was to blame. After the fact there was no problems from both sides and the house has been cleaner since. My good use of diplomacy and using myself as a tool to relate to both of them had made an impact for the best. Afterwards I talked with my dad about what had happened what and what I did to negotiate a resolution to the problem and he affirmed me that I did the right thing and being diplomatic in this situation is the best thing. I have not had much experience in ethical situations at the workplace, however there has been instances that my dad had to use his morals and ethics to assess the situation. For exampleShow MoreRelatedSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1644 Words   |  7 Pageswhen a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there are ethical-related issues with theories of psychology that aim at creating positive social change wrapped by multiculturalism. Being an international student in a different country, I see multiculturalism a very evolving term in social psychology because of the mobility in the world society that makes people multicultural and more adaptable to diff erent cultural environments. Ethical Codes are the laws that protect social psychology and multiculturalismRead MoreThe Role Of A Manager For Any Capacity At A Business904 Words   |  4 Pagesmake informed decisions that can have financial or personnel impacts, they need to fully understand and implement all organizational policies, and they need to manage and drive employee performance. Managers are in a state of perpetual assessment. Performing these tasks in one country and one culture is challenging enough, but from an ethical point of view, there is a pretty solid line when it comes to areas such as discrimination, customer relations, and employee interactions here in the United StatesRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1714 Words   |  7 Pageswhen a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there are ethical-related issues with theories of psychology that aim at creating positive social change wrapped by multiculturalism. Being an international student in a dif ferent country, I see multiculturalism a very evolving term in social psychology because of the mobility in the world society that makes people multicultural and more adaptable to different cultural environments. Ethical Codes are the laws that protect social psychology and multiculturalismRead MoreEthical Decision Making Frameworks : Greenleaf Servant Leadership Test, Markkula Model And The Nash s 12 Questions Model Essay927 Words   |  4 PagesWe face ethical dilemmas daily in every facet of our lives. Determining how to respond to ethical dilemmas is complex process. Often individuals do not think about all the factors to consider and what questions should they ask. Often an individual will seek to gather the facts about and ethical decision and use that as the decision making factor. However facts are not enough to make ethical decisions because facts only looks at what is. Ethical decision making is based on what should be determinedRead MorePersonal Ethics856 Words   |  4 PagesUniversity May 5th, 2013 NRS 437 Ethical Decision Making in Nursing Personal Ethics The American Nurses Association defines nursing as, â€Å"protection, promotion, and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations† (American Nurses Association, 2004, p.7). My personal nursing philosophy stems from what I believe to be core-nursing characteristicsRead MorePhilip Anderson885 Words   |  4 Pages who manages a team with his ways, his idea, his experience but the results do not reach the targets fixed by the firm. In the other side, there is the direction of Stuart Co., which has opposite ideas to Philip Anderson. I will try to analyze the challenges Philip Anderson faces from the point of view of costs of control and considering ethical concerns. Reading this text, we could easily feel that Philip Anderson’s work way is totally opposite to the firm way. The sentence â€Å"how far heRead MoreCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1583 Words   |  7 Pagesdisagreement, an ethical dilemma occurs. This article attempts to explain how personal, cultural, and organizational values play significant parts in decision-making. In addition, the foundation of ethical dilemmas can often be traced to conflicting values. This paper will also briefly discuss how ethical dilemmas can be mitigated. A practical approach for understanding how ethical dilemmas occur, how dilemmas can be prevented, and how to make ethical decisions can best be done by studying how these valuesRead MoreEssay on Cultural Values And Personal Ethics in Business1497 Words   |  6 Pagesdisagreement, an ethical dilemma occurs. This article attempts to explain how personal, cultural, and organizational values play significant parts in decision-making. In addition, the foundation of ethical dilemmas can often be traced to conflicting values. This paper will also briefly discuss how ethical dilemmas can be mitigated. A practical approach for understanding how ethical dilemmas occur, how dilemmas can be prevented, and how to make ethical decisions can best be done by studying how these valuesRead MoreMy Introductory On Public Administration1472 Words   |  6 Pages 2014, p. 1). In order to better understand how public administrators are responsive to public interests, I was assigned the task of interviewing a professional in public administration. I chose to interview Jeanell Emond, program manager for Central Valley Prevention Program (CVPP) and Mental Health Systems (MHS), because of my future in social work and my interest in developing and managing programs that benefit the community. Through the intervi ew I was able to gain valuable insight on the agencyRead MoreMy Personal History, Life Experiences And Cultural Identity Has Shaped Your Current Narrative Of What You Are Today1363 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe how your personal history, life experiences and cultural identity has shaped your current narrative of what you are today. As an individual, I am shaped by the kind of environment I am exposed to while growing up; either physical or social. As a Nigeria, I am fortunate and privileged to come from a culturally diverse community, when it comes to beliefs, race, and ethnic minorities. An important key is my cultural identity and committing myself to the lifelong practice of self-understanding

Wuthering Heights - 1088 Words

How does Emily Brontà « make us sympathize with Heathcliff? Heathcliff is a ruthless character. No obstacle ever gets in his way when it comes to exacting revenge on several other characters in the novel, be it Hindley or Edgar Linton. He will kill or torture young and old to pay back those who have hurt him and deprived him of his love for Catherine. However, among all these atrocities, we still feel great sympathy for him. This is mainly due to the many techniques employed by Brontà « and the effect of these in creating understanding and pity for Heathcliff. Perhaps the most significant factor that makes us sympathize with Heathcliff is his troubled and problematic character. Two particular incidents highlight this point very well.†¦show more content†¦This heart warming scene shows us that Heathcliff genuinely loves Cathy and her father, and furthermore sheds light on his unfortunate up-bringing at the hands of Hindley. Perhaps the most influential factor is the narrative. The main narrative consists of Nelly Dean – the house keeper. When the ‘dirty ragged, black-haired child’ just arrived at Wuthering Heights, she was the only character that took to Heathcliff. When, in chapter 7, Cathy returns from her vacation at Thrushcross Grange, she jokingly calls Heathcliff ‘dirty’. Hurt by these comments, and Cathy’s ‘new look’, Heathcliff hides himself away. When Nelly goes to comfort Heathcliff, it is her speculation about his past that makes the audience wish that his father was the ‘Emperor of China’, and mother ‘an Indian queen.’ Brontà « plays on the fact that the audience don’t know anything about Heathcliff’s past apart from him being found by Earnshaw in Liverpool. By touching on this topic lightly by suggesting that Heathcliff in fact has a royal and rich past, the audience is able to sympathize with thi s character more, as he doesn’t deserve to face to abuse that he does from the hands of Hindley. Spoken in the third person narrative, Nelly is able not only to describe to Lockwood (and us, the audience) the sequence of events to unfold at the Heights, but also pass judgement on characters and the significance of events. The audience, have noShow MoreRelatedWuthering Heights1634 Words   |  7 Pagesfor her novel Wuthering Height, was inspired for her writing through her siblings from a young age. Brontà « was born in Yorkshire, England in 1818. She had one younger sibling, Anne, and four older ones, Maria, Elizabeth, Charlotte, and Patrick Branwell. When Brontà « and her family moved to Haworth in West Yorkshire, Maria and Elizabeth both died of tuberculosis. Emily was raised in the rural countryside in solitude, which provided a background for her Gothic novel, Wuthering Heights. When Emily, CharlotteRead More Wuthering Heights2696 Words   |  11 PagesEmily Bronte, k nown as the Laureate of the Moors, feared that people would not read her novel because of her gender. When Bronte turned twenty-seven, she published Wuthering Heights. At approximately the same time, her two sisters, Charlotte and Anne, published their literary works. Looking at Emily Bronte’s Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, this literary work seems to be yet another book about a grumpy man who tries to take revenge on everyone who hurts him throughout his life. Looking deeper intoRead MoreWuthering Heights1013 Words   |  5 PagesIn the gothic novel, Wuthering Heights, a man named Lockwood rents a manor house called Thrushcross Grange in the moor country of England in the winter of 1801. Here, he meets his landlord, Heathcliff, a very wealthy man who lives 4 miles away in the manor called Wuthering Heights. Nelly Dean is Lockwood’s housekeeper, who worked as a servant in Wuthering Heights when she was a child. Lockwood asks her to tell him about Heathcliff, she agrees, while she tells the story Lockwood writes it all downRead MoreWuthering Heights Essays1651 Words   |  7 PagesWuthering Heights In the first chapter of the book the reader gets a vivid picture of the house Wuthering Heights from Lockwoods descriptions wuthering being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather. It quickly becomes clear that Wuthering Heights portrays the image of its surroundings, the desolate Yorkshire moors fully exposed to the elements. It is not only the houseRead MoreAn Analysis Of Wuthering Heights 1432 Words   |  6 PagesLifelong Immaturity Wuthering Heights’s Catherine Earnshaw is infamous for her complex character, some arguing that she is egocentric and manipulative, others sympathizing with the difficult choices she is faced with. However, there is no doubt that she is innately childish. As Catherine grows older, her character is not changed; she remains juvenile and selfish, making everything a game that revolves around her and not empathizing with other characters and their needs - subconsciously orRead MoreSelfishness in Wuthering Heights790 Words   |  4 PagesThrough self-centered and narcissistic characters, Emily Bronte’s classic novel, â€Å"Wuthering Heights† illustrates a deliberate and poetic understanding of what greed is. Encouraged by love, fear, and revenge, Catherine Earnshaw, Heathcliff, and Linton Heathcliff all commit a sin called selfishness. Catherine Earnshaw appears to be a woman who is free spirited. However, Catherine is also quite self-centered. She clearly states that her love for Edgar Linton does not match how much she loves HeathcliffRead MoreGypsy of Wuthering Heights1203 Words   |  5 Pagesexact place to belong to. Wuthering Heights was not a home to Heathcliff and he tried to escape it by running away. The first time Heathcliff ran away, he ran to the grounds of Thrushcross Grange with Catherine. The second time Heathcliff ran away, he disappeared away from Wuthering Heights when his love, Catherine, decides to marry Edgar Linton. By running away, he also ran away from the servitude he was forced into by Hindley. Heathcliff runs away from Wuthering Heights and undergoes a transformationRead MoreWuthering Heights, The Book820 Words   |  3 PagesThe catalyst of this whole story was when Catherine got bitten by a dog at Thrushcross Grove and was forced to remain there. She returned home to Wutheri ng Heights a changed woman. No longer the mischievous little girl that loved to get in trouble with Heathcliff, she was a polite young lady interested in Edgar Linton. There are three definite divisions in the book, before Heathcliff and Catherine go to Thrushcross Grange, the time immediately after she returns, and life after she marries EdgarRead MoreMacbeth And Wuthering Heights1006 Words   |  5 PagesCrooked Relationships Why are women so controlling in everything? In William Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Emily Bronte’s Wuthering Heights, the women take control, over men, in the relationship. Sexism and jealousy are the two biggest problems in an existing relationship. The readers find out how ambition, sexism, and jealousy takes over lives. In other words, too much ambition may be fatal. When women don’t get what they want, bad things are subject to happen. Women will always rule in the face ofRead MoreWuthering Heights Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesIn Emily Bronte s novel Wuthering Heights, we are taken back to the nineteenth century by a man named Lockwood. He is being told the story of his landlord, Heathcliff, and how he became the man that he is and what he has been through. We learn that Heathcliff was adopted by Mr. Earnshaw on a trip to Liverpool and was brought back to Wuthering Heights to his new family, a mother, a brother, and a sister. Upon arrival he was not greeted with any respect and or love. The Earnshaw s had more love for

Succubus on Top CHAPTER 18 Free Essays

â€Å"That’s not funny,† I said. â€Å"Seems like a reasonable question.† I looked at him and then wrapped my arms around myself. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus on Top CHAPTER 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Is that all you’re going to say?† â€Å"I†¦I don’t really know what else to say.† â€Å"This is the part where you yell at me.† His eyebrows rose. â€Å"Oh, I see. I didn’t know this was already scripted out. â€Å" â€Å"That’s not what†¦look. I slept with someone else. And not just slept. I didn’t have to do it†¦not the way I have to with humans. You get that, right?† â€Å"Yes,† he said, still dead calm. â€Å"And I wasn’t drunk or anything. Tipsy maybe, but still in control of my senses.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"So aren’t you mad?† â€Å"Stunned is the dominant emotion at the moment. Finding out someone impersonated you is almost more troubling than the sex part.† â€Å"He didn’t impersonate you, perse†¦I mean, I knew it was him.† â€Å"I know. But it’s still weird.† When he fell silent again, I could only stare with incredulity. He caught my look and retuned it. â€Å"What do you want?† This time he did sound annoyed, almost angry. â€Å"Do you want me to be mad? Will that like†¦punish you or something? Is that what you want?† I said nothing and realized that was exactly what I wanted. I had read a book once where a guy accidentally killed a girl while driving drunk. His powerful family had managed to keep him out of jail, and he’d hated it. He’d wanted the cleansing catharsis of real punishment, of paying for his crimes. Right now, I needed the same thing. â€Å"I deserve it,† I told Seth. His voice was cold. â€Å"Well, I’m not going to give it to you right now. You can’t dictate what I feel. Sorry.† My mouth started to drop open, unsure what to do with this turn of events. The ringing of my cell phone interrupted my rumination. I glanced at my purse, then let the phone go to voice mail. A moment later, it rang again. â€Å"You should answer it,† Seth told me. I didn’t want to talk to anyone. I wanted to crawl into a hole. But I got the phone and read the display. No one I recognized. Sometimes that was Jerome. If I didn’t answer, the demon was likely to teleport on over, and that was quite possibly the only thing that could make this scenario worse. â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said softly to Seth, just before I answered. I didn’t know if I was apologizing for the interruption or what I’d done with Bastien. â€Å"Hello?† â€Å"Hey, Georgina. This is Wyatt.† It took me a moment. From Doug’s band. â€Å"Hey, how’s it going?† â€Å"Bad. I didn’t know who else to call. I’m at the hospital with Doug. â€Å" My heart stopped. â€Å"Oh my God. What happened?† â€Å"He, uh, took some pills.† â€Å"What kind of pills?† â€Å"Not sure. But he took a whole bottle of them.† Wyatt’s news spurred Seth and me to action. It was funny how tragedy could override anger. Whatever unresolved issues ensnared us, we put them on hold as I drove us downtown. Wyatt had briefly told the rest of the story as I’d left my apartment at a run. Alec hadn’t come through with his latest shipment. Doug had crashed again, plunging into that frightening darkness I’d observed before. Wyatt didn’t entirely know what had triggered the overdose. He blamed everything from a suicidal urge to a desperate attempt at recapturing the high through other means. The emergency room had pumped his stomach, and the doctor said he was okay for now, but he hadn’t yet regained consciousness. Wyatt had called me because Doug had no family here, and no one knew how to contact the ones who lived out of town. Corey and Min were there when we arrived. They elaborated a bit more for us and said there was no change in Doug’s condition. Seth stayed silent, but I could tell he was as concerned as I was. I asked if I could see Doug, and a nurse told me I could. I entered the room alone and found him asleep, hooked up to tubes and a bleeping machine. I had watched medical technology change over the years, from leeches to defibrillators, but that didn’t mean I felt comfortable with any of it. Machines that kept people alive rubbed me the wrong way. They weren’t natural, even if they did good. â€Å"Oh, Doug,† I murmured, sitting at his bedside. His skin was pale, his hand cold and clammy. The bleeping machine registered a steady heartbeat, so that was something. None of the other readouts meant anything to me. I watched him, feeling helpless. Mortals, I thought, were fragile things, and there was nothing I could do about that. Many, many years ago, Bastien and I had worked at a dance hall in Paris. Dancers in those days were almost always prostitutes too, but I hadn’t minded. The opportunity had provided me with both succubus energy and monetary income. Bastien had been a bouncer and ostensibly my lover. This allowed him to sing my praises, bolstering my reputation and sending me a large clientele. â€Å"There’s a young man who shows up every night,† the incubus told me one day. â€Å"He has ‘virgin’ stamped all over him, but he’s rich too. I’ve talked to him a few times. He doesn’t like the idea of paying for sex, but he’s completely obsessed with you.† The news pleased me, and when Bastien pointed out the gentleman, I made a lot of eye contact with him throughout the performance. Sure enough, a manservant of his discretely solicited me on behalf of his employer afterward, and I hurried to prepare myself backstage. â€Å"Josephine,† called a voice beside me. I turned and saw another dancer, an especial friend of mine named Dominique. â€Å"Hey,† I told her, grinning. â€Å"I have a nice prospect I’ve got to get to.† Her grim face made me pause. â€Å"What’s wrong?† Dominique was small and blond, with an almost waifish appearance that made her look like she wasn’t getting enough to eat. That wasn’t a surprise, however. None of us in that profession ever got enough to eat. â€Å"Josephine†¦Ã¢â‚¬  she murmured, blue eyes wide. â€Å"I need your help. I think†¦I think I’m pregnant.† I stopped in my tracks. â€Å"Are you sure?† â€Å"Pretty sure. I†¦I don’t know what to do. I need this job. You know I do.† I nodded. From the wings, Jean – the man who took cuts from our liaisons – yelled at me to hurry up and meet my young man. I gave Dominique a quick hug. â€Å"I have to go do this. I’ll find you later, okay? We’ll figure something out.† But I never really got a later. The young man, Etienne, proved to be adorable. He was much younger than my apparent age, and engaged to be married. He was torn on the issue of sex. Part of him felt he needed to be pure for his bride; the other part wanted to be experienced on his wedding night. That was the part that won out, the part that brought him to my bed and gave me the succubus bonus of both a moral corruption and an energy yield. He resented me for both my lifestyle and my hold over him, but that didn’t stop him from coming back every day for the next few weeks. â€Å"I hate you for this,† he told me one day after we’d been together. He lay back against the sheets, in a sweaty, postcoital repose. I stood near the bed, putting my clothes on while he watched. â€Å"Marry me.† I laughed out loud, tossing my hair – then honey blond and curly – over one shoulder. He flushed angrily. He had dark eyes and hair and a perennially brooding look. â€Å"Is that funny?† â€Å"Only because you hate me in one breath and love me in the other.† I smiled as I laced up my undergarments. â€Å"I suppose there are a lot of marriages like that.† â€Å"Not everything’s a joke,† he said. â€Å"Maybe not,† I agreed. â€Å"But this comes pretty close.† â€Å"Are you turning me down?† I pulled my dress over my head. â€Å"Of course I am. You have no idea what you’re asking. It’s ridiculous.† â€Å"You treat me like I’m a child sometimes,† he declared, sitting up straighten â€Å"You’re not that much older than me. You have no right to act so wise†¦especially since you’re a†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I grinned at him. â€Å"A whore?† He had the grace to look embarrassed. â€Å"And that, sweeting, is the problem. Never mind your family’s scandalized reaction. Even if we managed to pull it off, you’d never get over that. You’d spend the rest of our marriage – which would probably be short-lived – obsessing about all the men I’d been with. Wondering if one of them had been better. Wondering if I’d done something with them that you thought was new and novel with you.† Angry, he stood up and pulled on his pants. â€Å"I would have thought you’d be grateful.† â€Å"Flattered,† I said coldly, â€Å"but nothing more.† That wasn’t entirely true. The truth was, despite his youthful certainty and mood swings, I liked Etienne. A lot. Something about him appealed to me. Maybe it was because all that emotionality and pride came from an artistic nature. He painted as a hobby. There it was again, my unfortunate obsession with creative men. Luckily, at that time in my life, I had enough sense to avoid deep entanglements with humans. â€Å"I wish you could choose who you love,† he said bitterly. â€Å"Because I wouldn’t choose you, you know. But, here we are. I can’t stop thinking about you. I feel like there’s some pull to you I can’t fight.† â€Å"I’m sorry,† I said gently, surprised at the small ache in my heart. â€Å"Wait until you’re married. Your wife will make you forget all about me.† â€Å"No. She doesn’t even compare.† â€Å"Plain?† Egotistical of me, perhaps, but I heard it a lot. â€Å"Boring,† he replied. Then I’d heard a scream, a bloodcurdling, horror-filled scream. I forgot all about Etienne and tore out of the small, dank room. Down the hall I ran until I found a congregation of people and the source of distress. It was Dominique. She sprawled over a narrow pallet, lying in blood. â€Å"My God,† I gasped, kneeling beside her. â€Å"What happened?† But I already knew. I didn’t need the forthcoming explanation from the other dancers. I had neglected her pleas for help a couple weeks ago, caught up in my own whirlwind romance. So she had sought her own solution, as so many lower-class women often did. Unfortunately, there were no machines or sanitizing in those days. An abortion was a dangerous, often deadly, business. â€Å"Oh God,† I said again. I had never lost the need to appeal to my creator, despite my theoretical renouncement. I clutched her hand, not knowing what to do. A half-dressed Etienne appeared in the crowd. I looked up at him desperately. â€Å"You have to go get a doctor. Please.† Whatever injured pride he harbored over my rejection, he couldn’t refuse me in that moment. I saw him make motions to leave, but Bastien grabbed his arm. â€Å"No, it doesn’t matter.† To me he said: â€Å"She’s gone, Fleur .† I looked at Dominique’s young face. Her skin was pale, eyes blank and glazed over as they stared at nothing. I knew I should close them, but suddenly I didn’t want to touch her. I dropped her hand, slowly backing up, staring in horror. It was by no means the first time I’d seen a dead body, but something struck me about it then I’d never really considered with such shocking clarity. One moment she was here, the next she wasn’t. Oh, the difference one heartbeat could make. The stink of mortality hung in the air, painting the awful truth about humans. How short their lives were. And fragile. They were like paper dolls among us, turning to ash in the blink of an eye. How many had I seen come and go in over a millennium? How many had I seen pass from infancy to a gray-haired death? The stink of mortality. It threatened to overwhelm the room. How could no one else sense it? I hated it†¦and I feared it. Feeling suffocated, I backed up further. Both Bastien and Etienne reached for me in some fumbling attempt at comfort, but I wanted none of it. Dominique, barely out of childhood, had just bled her life away in front of me. What fragile things humans were. I had to get out of there before I became sick. I turned from those who would console me and ran away. â€Å"What fragile things humans are,† I murmured to Doug. The feeling that welled up within me now as I sat beside him was not sorrow or despair. It was anger. White-hot anger. Humans were fragile, but some of them were still in my care. And whether that was foolish or not on my part, I could not shirk my duty. Doug was one of my humans. And someone had nearly cut his time short. I stood up, gave his hand a last squeeze, and strode out of the room. From the shocked glances Corey, Min, and Wyatt gave me, I must have looked terrifying. I hit the pause button on my righteous fury when I noticed something. â€Å"Where’s Seth?† â€Å"He said he had to go,† said Corey. â€Å"He left you this.† He handed me a scrap of paper with Seth’s scrawled writing. Thetis, I’ll talk to you later. I stared at it, suddenly feeling nothing. I went numb. My mind would not allow me to focus on Seth just then. I crumpled the paper up, said good-bye to the band, and left the hospital. When I reached the lobby, I took out my cell phone and dialed. â€Å"Alec? This is Georgina.† â€Å"Hey, Georgina!† I heard the anxious note in his voice. Almost desperate. â€Å"You were right,† I began, hoping I sounded anxious too. â€Å"You were right. I need more. Now. Tonight. Can you do it?† â€Å"Yes,† he said. There was palpable relief in his voice. â€Å"Absolutely I can do it.† We set up a meeting spot immediately. It couldn’t be too soon for me. I’d been on an emotional roller coaster in the last twenty-four hours, and I was about to take it out on Alec. I couldn’t wait. The fact that he seemed so eager for it was icing on the cake. â€Å"Oh, hey, Georgina?† he asked, just before we disconnected. â€Å"Yeah?† His voice sounded strange; I couldn’t decipher the emotion. â€Å"You have no idea how glad I am you called.† How to cite Succubus on Top CHAPTER 18, Essay examples

Federalism in Political Culture Essay Example For Students

Federalism in Political Culture Essay The Significance of Federalism in Political Culture Essay The United States government is constructed of many systems and ideas which, when bound together, create the Democratic government utilized by the country. All of the different things, in most cases compliment each other and therefore, work together. Two examples of this are the system of federalism and the idea of political culture. They make up some of the important aspects of the government and its operation. Federalism is the system the United States uses as a frame for its governments power distribution when it comes to policies, procedures, and the likes. It is what maintains the power between the different levels of government, be it the National, state, or local governments. It also defines and separates these power possessors, while protecting the rights and profits of each. There are many opinions and theories concerning the success of such a system, depending on a persons outlook on the subject. However, despite its pros and cons, it can be said that if nothing else, it at least gets more citizens involved in politics. That is a important aspect that it brings, especially when it Political culture is a particular way of thinking in regard to how political and economic life ought to be carried out by a countrys government. These notions may not always be shared by the country as a whole. There will always be different ideas, which leads to political subcultures. Depending on the situations of each person and each community, they will have their own beliefs in how the government should be doing things. Specific things that are taken into consideration when it comes to political culture are liberty, equality, civic duty, individual responsibility, and democracy. Federalism is the system that political culture works within. They flatter each other in that federalism gives political culture an outlet to be heard and to be useful and political culture gives federalism a means of success. In many other systems of government, political culture is obsolete because the peoples ideas are not often taken into consideration as they are with Federalism. Without political culture, the idea of federalism is, in a way defeated. It is put there for the poeple and if those people do not hold an opinion and voice it, Federalism has a hard time serving its purpose of aiding its poeple. They work well hand in hand, more so than they would alone. Together, federalism and political culture make for a more successful government in the United States. In a way, the thrive off of each other and both highly depend on the countrys poeple and their responsibility to take action. The representative government that the United States has relies on these sort of things. They are a significant piece of the puzzle that is called a government. Bibliography: .

The Crucible Literary Analysis Essay Essay Example

The Crucible Literary Analysis Essay Paper Human Cruelty in the Name of Righteousness The Crucible by Arthur Miller Guilt is a difficult feel to cope with. However, being blamed guilty while being innocent is even harder. This situation is experienced through the characters in Arthur Millers play, The Crucible . In this play a group of girls attempt to practice witchcraft but because they g at caught, the girls worried they were going to get punished. They begin to accuse e other people and lie in order to deflect the blame from themselves. This initiated the Sale m Witch Trials. Miller portrays human cruelty in the name of righteousness through Abigail a ND Thomas Putnam in The Crucible In The Crucible, Abigail (Reverend Paprikas niece) accuses Tuba and Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft in spite of upholding her innocence. Hysteria arises as R veered Hale asks Abigail If she is involved with witchcraft. Abigail replies l never sold NYSE If! Am a good girl! Am a proper girl and that Tuba forced her to do it. Tuba, in fear of PU enmeshment, accused other woman of witchcraft. Likewise, Elizabeth Proctor was also blame De for acts she did not commit. We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Literary Analysis Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Literary Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucible Literary Analysis Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Reverend Hale says Abigail mentioned her name in the court. Elizabeth says [she] will fear With Abigail accusation against Elizabeth in the trials not only did Abigail divert attention from her but has also caused chaos in the town because the Proctors were important people. Giles Corey believes Thomas Putnam is making false accusations in order to take land, Giles accuses Thomas Putnam of coldly [prompting] [his] daughter to cry witchery upon George Jacobs. (3. 39596. 182) This meant that Thomas Putnam falsely accused George Jacobs to take advantage of the land. As a result of this accusation Giles Corey is arrested for Gonzales 2 contempt of order. He said, cannot give you no name,sir. I cannot. (3. 419. 183) He refused to give a name because he did not want anyone to be hanged. Giles Corey ref used to confess the person he got the information in the name of righteousness. During this period of time, people had a different view of righteousness. Alt Hough it may seem in the crucible as if greed, culpability and fear caused the Puritans t o act in a more harsh, merciless manner, in the Salem Welch Trials; we can also perceive that elision plays a major role during these events. In the book All Things Human by Henry Goodman Potter, pages 5854 reads,Henry Potter and his white contemporaries addressed these e concerns with common assumptions and convictions, rooted in various aspects of Name Rican religious and social thought, about the fatherhood of God and brotherhood of humane This goes out to show that equality during these periods of time was difficult to reach b cause religion changed peoples perspective drastically. Throughout The Crucible characters have been blamed for an act that they did not omit.

Learning About Seahorses

Learning About Seahorses A seahorse isnt a horse at all, but an extremely unique fish. It is named for its  head, which resembles that of a very tiny horse. From its horse-like head, the seahorses body tapers down to a long prehensile tail. Prehensile is a fancy word that means used for grasping. Monkeys also have prehensile tails. Seahorses use their tails for grasping underwater plants to anchor themselves in place. They hold onto coral and seagrasses and camouflage themselves by changing color to hide from predators. Seahorses dont have many predators, but some crabs and fish will prey on them.   Seahorses  also like to hold onto one anothers tails while they swim in pairs. There are many different types of seahorses and all are unique in many ways. For one, although they are fish, they dont have scales. Instead, they have skin. A seahorses skin covers a series of bony plates that run from its head to its tail- including its neck, a body part that other fish dont have. One thing seahorses do have in common with other fish is that they breathe through gills. They also have swim bladders like other fish.  Very slow swimmers, seahorses move about through the water with three small fins. They swim upright, using their fins to propel them forward through the water and their swim bladders to move them up and down. Another surprising fact about seahorses is that the male carries the babies. The female lays the eggs in a pouch, sort of like that of a kangaroo,  in the males stomach. He then carries the eggs until they hatch, usually two to four weeks later. Many people think that these tiny fish mate for life, but facts about seahorses dont seem to bear that out. Seahorses eat plankton, shrimp, and small fish. However, seahorses dont have stomachs! Food passes right through their bodies. That means they must eat almost constantly. Luckily for these tiny fish, they are good hunters. They hold on to coral and seagrass with their tails  and suck food into their mouths with their long snouts. They can slurp up food from over an inch away. Reading About Seahorses Books are a fun way to learn about any topic, including seahorses. Mix fiction and non-fiction to engage young learners. Try these titles: Mister Seahorse by Eric Carle  is a fun and educational story about how male seahorses are the caretakers of their eggs. Find out which other fish fathers have the same responsibility. Seahorses by Jennifer Keats Curtis is a beautifully-illustrated, non-fiction book about the life of a seahorse from the moment hes born- along with 300 brothers and sisters! One Lonely Seahorse by Joost Elffers will draw in your preschool students with its counting story that begins with one lonely seahorse. Amazing Pictures and Facts about Seahorses by Mina Kelly will answer your students questions about seahorses. How do they breathe underwater? Why do seahorses curl their tails?   Seahorse Reef: A Story of the South Pacific by Sally Walker is a delightful, educational story whose facts about seahorses have been reviewed by the Smithsonian Institute for accuracy. This is a must-have for your seahorse study. Seahorses: A Life-Size Guide to Every Species by Sara Lourie will prove an invaluable resource to older students. It features photos and facts about 57 different species of seahorses. Other Resources for Learning About Seahorses Look for other engaging opportunities to learn about seahorses. Try some of these ideas: Use free seahorse printables to learn the vocabulary associated with and facts about these fascinating fish. The printable set includes activities such as word search and crossword puzzles, vocabulary sheets, and coloring pages.Visit an aquarium. If you live near an aquarium, call to see if they offer a seahorse exhibit. Its so much fun to observe seahorses in person!Visit a store that sells fish. You can keep seahorses as pets, so some fish and pet stores will have some that you can see in person.Watch videos and documentaries. Check sources such as your local library, YouTube, Netflix, or Amazon video for films about seahorses.Make a diorama depicting seahorses in their underwater habitat.Make seahorse crafts. Seahorses are fascinating fish! Have fun learning about them. Updated by Kris Bales

Dance 100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dance 100 - Essay Example While the tune yard dance has human voice in the sound, dancing in the rain only has a background tune. Dancing in the rain presents numerous elements of connection concept, where the dancers move close and away from one another throughput the dance. Throughout the dance sequence connection becomes increasingly clear as the dancers move across the entire dancing floor. There are momentary numerous instances when the smooth movement of the dancers occurs with instant stops of the movement. The body movements of the dancers remain extremely unique and display immense mastery of the movement. Extensions of the arms and the sliding movements of the legs appear to be enhanced by the occurrence of water on the ground, which enables the movement. Tune yards present the concept of lead follow in performing the dance. A single dancer appears in front of the rest as the leader with the remainder of the dancers following dance moves which the leader utilises. Throughout the dance movements of the dancers within the dance always has a leading individual with the others following the movements developed by the leader. The dancers contribute significantly to the music through singing and making other sounds which create the music. The movement of the dancers is well coordinated and the use the same moves for the entire group throughout the dance. This appears to make the dance coordinated and well planned. Choreographers of the dance appear to have selected different scenes which appear to fit the setting of the dance being performed. The beginning of the dances clearly identify the setting of dance through identifying the location which the dance takes place. The uniformity of the tune yards dance is presented through the dancers being dressed in a uniform dress-code. Dancing in the rain, however, presents dancers doing independent dance styles and the dancers are also dressed in different clothing. The patterns and coordination in the two dances can be

Housing and the Inclusive Society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Housing and the Inclusive Society - Essay Example In addition, private rented sector has actively participated in creating opportunities for provision of adequate homes that are accessible and convenient for in terms of prices and affordability to socially excluded groups. According to the EU, social inclusion involves a process of including people in societal activities who risk exclusion through poverty, unemployment, or homelessness; this includes exclusion from participation in decision-making processes (Spandler, 2007; European Commission, 2010). In this paper, there will be a discussion on the contribution of the private rented sector in promoting social inclusion or social exclusion, followed by an evaluation of the lesson learnt by social housing about social inclusion. Effect of Private Rented Sector on Social exclusion Private rented sector is usually a commercially operated environment such that those providing social housing must look forward to making profits. In this case, the State does not have a direct role in dicta ting housing provision, but can only provide guidelines on housing standards that landlords should meet. Therefore, it is a common phenomenon to see housing providers excluding some people based on various reasons (Hayes, Gray and Edwards, 2008; Le Grand, 2003). First, in relation to rental fees (price), allocation of housing may exclude some people based on their incomes. For instance, rental charges may be prohibitive for low-income earners, as well as those people who do not get housing benefits from their employment (Hulse and Burke, 2000). Another factor of housing allocation that promotes social exclusion is facilities allocation in housing such that the landlords usually fix heating and fuel systems within houses, which make accommodation expensive. In this case, tenants may be rebuffed from accessing housing due to extra cost of heating and fuel, or they may have to dedicate much of their resources to such costs in expense of other basic needs (Hulse and Burke, 2000). Thirdl y, social housing may discriminate disabled population from accessing housing due to the architectural design of houses. It is evident that majority of houses are constructed without consideration the accessibility of wheelchair users to the buildings; the same can be said for blind people. Fourthly, there are instances when landlord put conditions on who should be rented accommodation. For instance, landlords, driven by desire to make money and avoid the stress of demanding delayed or unpaid rent, may decide that only people from a certain level of income, certain employment sectors, race, religion or sexual orientation should be provided with housing, thus discriminating against those who do not qualify (Kleinman, 1998), despite this being unlawful. Fifthly, it is possible that some people will not have sufficient information on where to secure housing of their class and in such cases, they may be excluded from housing. For instance, potential tenants may find it difficult locatin g affordable housing especially in new and unfamiliar locations, thus finding themselves occupying houses that are beyond their reach (Hulse and Burke, 2000). Finally, private rented houses may not be equitably allocated in terms of location, with such houses being concentrated or exclusively located in certain areas. In this case, although it may be motivated by issues such as security, people who have to make

Advantages of organizational behaviour in an organization

Advantages of organizational behaviour in an organization Introduction Management deals with people, their ideas and things related to them. In a simple form management can be defined as the art of things getting done through people in groups organized formally [8]. Management is the process where groups of people are involved in performance of organized activities. In an organization with a large number of employees the process of management directs the managers to perform some functions such as planning, staffing, controlling, organizing and directing to get things done by others. Organizational behavior can be used to improve the management practices for influencing the employees effectively and working with them. Management is the key to obtaining organizational effectiveness. Organizational effectiveness depends on meeting the rapid changing requirements of the organization such as having the right people for the right job and at the right time. It helps understand the production and behavioral control in an organization. The study of organizational behavior in an organization has the following advantages: It helps to expand the horizon of management. It helps improve the organizational performance in line with the individual performance which include reward systems, leadership, motivation etc., It helps develop commitment among the employees to achieve their personal goals thereby achieving the goals of the company. It helps to understand, predict and control the behavior in the organization. There are numerous factors that determine the successful performance in an organization, but for our discussion we will consider few important factors which are as follows: Recruitment and Selection Training and development Reward through proper Performance Appraisal System Effective Communication Skills Developing Dedication by Motivating employees Also, there are many factors that contribute to the changing nature of work at organization, but the two main factors are: Current market scenario requires organizations to be more competitive and customer focused, hence there is an increased pressure on the organization The breakthrough in IT and communication is another factor. For example mobile and internet have made work to be separated from time and space. Organizations have changed their focus and their main principles are: Defining vision and values from the consumers perspective Creating a value chain i.e., defining activities and process that add value to customers and link them Remove activities that add no value to the organization. Reducing inefficiencies in the tasks in an organization. These principles have added value to the organization enabling them to respond rapidly to customers needs and supporting change and encouraging innovation. I would also be discussing the various changes in the nature of modern work environment relevant to the factors Ive stated above. Recruitment and Selection[5] Recruitment is process in which a qualified and suitable person is selected for a job in a company. The recruitment process is the responsibility of the HR department and various methods are available for this process such as interviews, aptitude test, questionnaires etc., It is a forming phase and is the most difficult phase for the managers. Let us consider the recruitment and selection process at Tesco. There are different ways through which Tesco advertises its vacancies. It first advertises its vacancy internally through intranet for two weeks. This provides an opportunity for the current employees looking for a change at the same level or for a promotion. Tesco advertises its vacancies on the web at www.tesco-careers.com for external recruitment. It also displays vacancy boards on its stores. For managerial positions the applications are made online. The applicants chosen will have to first undergo an interview and for the final stage they will have attendance at the assessment centre. A waiting list of applicants is prepared by the stores and as the jobs become available candidates are finalized. Specialist jobs as bakers and pharmacists are advertised externally through the following means: Through the web and offline media Through television and radio Through advertisements in newspapers and magazines. As many other companies Tesco also looks forward for cost- effective way of attracting applicants. Though advertising on media and magazines is expensive but sometimes this becomes essential to attract suitable people for the vacancy. Selection can be defines as selecting the most suitable person from the list of candidates who have applied for the vacancy taking into consideration the laws and regulations of employment. Screening is an important part of the selection process and ensures that the selected candidates for the interview will be best suited for the job. There are different stages in the screening process. In the first stage, the selectors at Tesco look through the CVs of the applicants as this briefs the candidates education and job history. A CV helps to assess whether the candidate meets the specification for the job. Screening is followed by the candidate who attends the assessment centre. This process takes place either in store and are run by managers. The candidates are assessed through various exercises such as team work and problem solving. This also provides consistency in the selection process. In the modern work environment, the selection and recruitment process has become more sophisticated and detailed to opt for the best knowledge and skills in the market. The number of screening processes that organizations hold to select the right candidates has increased and also the type of tests have become more radical in their approach. Tests such as psychological evaluation and stress interviews are a common practice in todays work environment. Training and Development Training is very essential for the newly recruited employees. It is also very essential for the employees already employed so that their skills are up to date and in line with the latest trends and technologies. Training is becoming an essential part of every organization these days. Employees are made to undergo training programs in order to maximize their potential to meet organization goals. Lets us consider Barclays for our case study here. Training is a very crucial task for the Human Resource department at Barclays. The main reason for this being the induction program helps employees understand the various policies and the structure of their jobs. This will also give employees enough time to adjust themselves to the environment in the organization together with inducing new ideas and skills in the employees. Training is the most difficult and challenging part in the organization as it is a continuous process where the trainer acting as a change agent makes trainees get familiar with the new organization. The following are the main training aims at Barclay: It helps to increase the level of confidence and motivation in employees It creates a feeling of achievement and personal satisfaction Improves the quality of staff and improves their skills. The above are the contributing factors that the help the HR achieve their goal of making the employees feel a part of the organization. Selecting a suitable a trainer is a very challenging issue as he a middleman between the employees and the organization. The trainer has the following responsibilities. The trainer must assess the need for training the individual and set up a training program for the employee in order to reach the ultimate goal of the organization. He must design the training program. The most important task at Barclays Plc is group participation. Hence the main aim of the trainer would be to encourage this task. The trainer acts as a messenger between the employees and the management. The trainer must make sure that the newly learned skills are being practically applied. He will decide the need for further training on the basis of the current performance appraisal. In the modern work environment employees are keener on keeping themselves in touch with the latest technological development. They always pick up skills and enhance their knowledge quotient so as to face the growing competition in the current work environment. Therefore employing training and development schemes would be easier and would improve the overall quality of the workforce. Performance Appraisal and Reward System Performance appraisal is a process where performance of an employee is assessed in terms of expected goals set for them. On the basis of performance appraisal the company decides promotions, terminations, the level of supervision and the duties and responsibilities to be assigned to the employees. During the phase of performance appraisal the actual performance of the employees is assessed and evaluated. The HRM is responsible for the performance appraisal and it is its duty to pass the information accurately and impartially to the management so that necessary and future corrective measures can be taken. The HRM faces the following issues during performance appraisal: Recognition and identification of an employees strengths and weaknesses. This will help to utilize the strengths more effectively and the necessary steps to be taken to overcome the individuals weakness. In certain cases employees should be given full effort, hence the HRM should identify the problems which are causing this. This also provides information needed for HR planning and act as an input to the HR department. This acts as a basis to make decisions such as strategies and future long term objectives. It is the duty of the human resource management to create a method of performance appraisal and system of reward. The method created should be in line with the objectives of training and development program. Defined standards should be set to measure performance. The HRM should decide who will be using the appraisal method and appraised by the method created. The HRM should gather feedback from the employees about the appraisal method created, this will act as source of boosting the employees morale. This will help the employees assess their strengths and weakness. This will further encourage the employees to do better to get a reward from the organization. Employees in the organization try to do tasks that will not alone get them rewards in the form of bonuses and incentives but recognition in form of certificates and medals and also appraisal for doing something new and innovative. This will help motivate the employees. In the case of Barclays the reward system is very important as this will help influence the employees to do something better and innovative. The reward system ultimately acts as a motivational factor for growth in future and is not an easy task. As this depends on the responsibility and the type of job being done.[7] If the performance management system is handled carefully and properly, leads to outstanding performance by employees and increases the level of motivation decreasing the absenteeism lack of morale of employees. Performance appraisal and reward schemes are vital in todays work environment because employees today are more influenced by the corporate lifestyle and are always in the lookout for better job opportunities and hiked salaries. Therefore it is essential for organizations to keep their employees loyal towards them, and the easiest and most effective way of doing it is performance appraisal and reward schemes. Effective Communication Skills Effective communication is nothing but an art of conveying our message clearly to other people. It involves a lot of effort for effective communication as any error or distortion will result in misinterpretation of message. Lack of effective communication may result in lack of information, misunderstandings, employee performance may decrease which may ultimately affect the companys turnover. Ineffective communication may become a source of conflict and frustrate the employees. The managers inability to communicate effectively may lead to the inability of employee not performing well as per the company demands. This happens when the employee is not aware of what is requested of him and ultimately leads employee dissatisfaction. Effective communication has its own benefits in the workplace. Effective communication from managers to employees will result in the employees doing their job well. A good management style together with a positive communication approach will be quite effective in the workplace and will lead to better understanding between the employee and manager. For an organization to be successful communication should happen both internally and externally. Internal communication: between management and employees. External communication: this takes place between staff and clients. Let us consider Vodafone as a case study to illustrate the effective communication skills[3] Internal Communication[2]: this takes place inside the organization between the employees and management. Here the employees act as stakeholders. This communication may take place in any of the forms listed below: Vertically: this the top down approach which happens from the senior employees to juniors associates. The ultimate goal here is to improve the performance of tasks and make the junior employees understand the companys priorities and requirements. Horizontally: this takes places between various teams and across departments. The goal here is to make sure roles are effectively carried out and tasks completed. Intranet with restricted access to people within the business is a great tool for promoting better communication. External communication[1] :this takes place with customers. Vodafone has laid a principle for communication as We will communicate openly and transparently with all of our stakeholders within the bounds of commercial confidentiality. Vodafone believes that this will reduce the barriers to communication. It makes sure that its messages are conveyed both verbally and non verbally. For verbal communication the company has set contact centers so that the staff can be in direct contact with the customers and further giving an opportunity for its staff to talk to the customers about the issues. Non verbal communication can take place through various methods such as advertisements in television, newspapers and other media, the Vodafone logo. This also acts as a method of determining the position of the brand. Further methods of non verbal communication include SMS to contact certain customers. Sales information can be reached out to customers through literature in the Vodafone shops. The many forms of communication through which Vodafone reaches out to its customers are as below: Promotion and sales material- Vodafone makes sure that the advertising material is correct and follows its Business principles. This also helps the information reaches out responsibly to its stakeholders together with promoting its products and services. Awareness and Information: Vodafone promoted the use of mobile phones responsibly in the cars. It took the complex material and translated the information in easy to understand form and made the public aware of the new law and appropriate use of phones in the car. Explanation and guidance: mobile phones have health effects on human beings. But the latest scientific research has something new and Vodafone needs to convey these findings clearly to the customers. Communication in todays work environment is not only important as a means of better process flow but also as a means to bring all the employees together as a single unit. This is really beneficial when the employees have to work in a team environment. In todays work environment, employees have access to social network websites which are capable to increase the bond between employees and improve their effort as a team. Motivation to dedicate Employees A well motivated staff is a key to a productive and pleasant environment in a workplace. Motivating the employees must be one of the key responsibilities of a manager. An effective management and leadership reflect through effective motivation of employees in the workplace. Understanding the human nature is a key to effective employee motivation. The key to performance improvement in an organization is motivation. Motivation is very essential for any business to survive and excel. Motivation is a skill and must be learnt. Performance can be defined as a function of ability and motivation as below Job performance= function (ability)(motivation) Ability depends on education and training. Motivation has the following seven strategies through which it can be initiated: Fair treatment of people Positive and high expectations Discipline Satisfying the needs of the employees Setting goals at work To restructure the jobs Set rewards and recognition for performance Every organization has its own ways to motivate the employees to ensure that goals and targets are reached [4]. Motivation plays a vital role in todays work environment. Due to the cut-throat competition between organizations, it can be seen as a common practice for organizations to hire their rivals best workforce. So as to avoid that, employees need to be motivated not only in terms of their incentives and salary packages for their physical needs, but also with praise and recognition and better work environment to ease their psychological needs. Obstacles to Effective Performance The main obstacles to effective performance in an organization are as follows: Culture Change Conflict Culture Culture is related to beliefs, values and customary ways of doing things. The main reason for employees leaving the company is cultural mismatch. According to the present culture employees are required to have a clear understanding of short term and long term goals. The employees are required to have a shared vision and values as well as being productive and motivated. The organizational culture is determined by the leadership style and practices in an organization and hence plays an important role especially during acquisitions and mergers. Every organization has a set of values and beliefs. When an employee is exposed to a new culture, the individual goes through a state known as culture shock. When the companies merge the employees from the non dominant company need to adapt themselves to the new culture of the dominant company. Let us consider Barclay Plc for instance. Barclay acquired Lehman Brothers and one of the major issues for Barclay after this acquisition is to take into consideration the two different cultures in these two companies. Most of the employees of Lehman Brothers have left Barclay and a few did not join Barclay. This makes it clear that the employees are not ready to adapt to the new values, leadership styles, beliefs and practices of the Barclay culture. One of the biggest challenges to the management at Barclay is to make employees accept the new culture. The change in culture ultimately has an effect on the motivation level of the employees, their commitment to the organization and their engagement in work. Another consequence of an acquisition is that the individuals from the non dominant organization will feel like loss of identity and the others will have a superior feeling. This will ultimately affect the company achieve its goals and objectives. Another major issue of culture when the two organizations were merged is it will divert the attention of the employees and make the less productive. The attention of employees will be diverted to issues such as job security , feeling of discomfort working with new employees. Job security is the main issue as there will be duplication of departments and to manage the staff, the organization can reduce the manpower. The job profiles may be redesigned which may have an impact on the performance of the employees. The employees motivation, attitude and performance are determined by the culture. Motivation and culture go hand in hand. More an employee is motivated; the culture will be healthier. The key factor to be dealt in any organization is motivation. If an employee is not motivated properly then the employee will have problem accepting the new culture which will impact the individuals ability to do the job effectively and efficiently. The company should have flexible culture if a decision of acquisition is taken. This will allow the new employees to adjust to the new culture. Culture reflects the style of management and leadership. A slight change in the values, leadership style and ideas will help the new employees adjust to the new environment. This is not easy task, but since Barclays has taken a decision of merger it should be ready to consider changes in its culture and leadership style. Change Except for change nothing is constant in this world. Every activity in an organization results in some change. It can have a positive or negative effect depending on the communication made through change. The acquisition of Barclay and Lehman Brothers bought together a huge change in both organizations. New strategies and policies, procedures and work environment were created for work in both organizations. Change should involve people and not be imposed on people. Preparing the employees of an organization for change is a very vital task and it is the responsibility of the management to do this. This can be done through various methods such as through oral communication, via training programs or through counseling. The major reason for the Lehman employees leaving Barclays when the two organizations were merged is that the change was not managed properly. The key principles needed when planning to manage change are as follows: Every person reacts to change differently. Each person is different and has its own perceptions and preferences. A few people always look forward to change and new things and it easy to handle them. But it is a very difficult to handle people who always like things the way they were. These kind of people will experience stress and dissatisfaction and negative attitude towards their counterparts preferences. Every person has his own needs and priorities A few people work just for money but a few for the self and social identification. Change can be managed effectively by designing jobs in a better way through job redesign, job rotation management etc. Managing expectations realistically The organization should make clear to its employees that it cannot make everyone happy at the same time and this should be communicated effectively and realistically. The relation between expectations and reality is very important. The management should do the tasks listed below in order to manage change effectively: The management should inspire people and set certain objectives, goals and values for the organization It should set up a communication network such as face to face interaction so that new ideas and policies can be easily communicated. If there are any obstacles in the way of communication then those should be removed as this will help people accept change. Change can be made inevitable by promotions, recruitments and rewards. Conflicts When Barclays merges with Lehman conflicts were natural to arise as people from two different cultures and two different companies were merging. Starting with small disputes, conflicts may reach to higher levels which will ultimately affect the organization. Since the culture of both organizations is different each will have its own ideas, strategies, perspectives and goals. The different types of conflict that may arise when people of two different cultures merge are as follows: Conflict with boss Since the manager has a more experience and bigger perspective it will not be good to encounter conflict with the boss. In order to avoid such a conflict it is better not to question his authority and any ideas and views should be presented in the form of suggestions. Conflict with colleagues Different point of view will lead to conflict between employees. This can be done resolved through proper communication. Conflicts with the subordinates Conflicts can be handles effectively by one of the following ways: Each person should be given freedom to express their views. Conflicts can be sorted to a greater level by identifying positive minded people. Not everyone may have a broad vision as ours. So communicating and discussing our vision will help keep conflicts away. Conclusion The base of any organization depends on the policy, the values, the vision, the philosophy and goals set by the management. These act as the driving force for the organizational culture. Culture in a workplace determines the leadership style, the type of communication and group dynamics within the organization. The employees in the organization perceive the culture as a quality essential at work which has an impact on the degree of the employees motivation. This ultimately affects the performance, personal growth and self development which ultimately affect the organization from achieving its goals. The above discussed concepts such as communication, motivation, culture etc, make up only a small part of the theories of organizational behavior and theory. The success of any organization is determined by the application of the concepts of organizational behavior in the organization. The best way to handle conflicts in a workplace is to address them through discussions and debates. Conflict can have a positive effect within the organization if it is addressed effectively. A successful manager is one who takes time to address and deal with the conflict. This in turn will lead to a healthy and diverse work environment.